叉车的配气机构有哪些作用？
来源：https://www.jnhgjx.net/ 日期：2023-12-22 发布人：
气门：气门分进气门和排气门两种，其作用是开闭进、排气通道，它由头部和杆部组成。头部用来开闭进、排气通道，杆部则用来引导气门的运动。进气门用普通合金钢，排气门则用耐热合金钢制成，因为排气门头部直接与燃烧气体接触、受热严重。
Valve: There are two types of valves: intake valve and exhaust valve. Its function is to open and close the intake and exhaust channels, and it is composed of a head and a stem. The head is used to open and close the intake and exhaust channels, while the stem is used to guide the movement of the valves. The intake valve is made of ordinary alloy steel, while the exhaust valve is made of heat-resistant alloy steel, because the head of the exhaust valve is directly in contact with the combustion gas and is heavily heated.
为了保证气门头部与气门座紧密贴合和导热，气门头部与气门座之间采用锥形接合面，并经研磨。锥面与顶平面的夹角称为气门锥角，常用的气门锥角为30°及45°。气门杆身是气门运动导向部分。常见的气门杆身尾部切有凹槽，用以安装锥形锁片。
In order to ensure a tight fit and thermal conductivity between the valve head and valve seat, a conical joint surface is used between the valve head and valve seat, which is ground. The angle between the conical surface and the top plane is called the valve cone angle, and the commonly used valve cone angles are 30 ° and 45 °. The valve stem body is the guiding part for valve movement. A common groove is cut at the end of the valve stem to install a conical lock.
气门座：气门座是在缸体上(侧置式气门)或盖上(顶置式气门)，直接加工出的圆形座孔，它与气门配合起密封作用。有的气门座可用耐磨合金铸铁加工成座圈，镶嵌在缸体或缸盖上。
Valve seat: The valve seat is a circular seat hole directly machined on the cylinder block (side mounted valve) or cover (top mounted valve), which works in conjunction with the valve to seal. Some valve seats can be machined into seat rings using wear-resistant alloy cast iron and embedded in the cylinder block or cylinder head.
气门导管：其作用是引导气门作正确的轴向运动，同时还将气门杆部的热量间接传水套。为了便于修理更换，气门导管单独制成，再压入气缸体(或气缸盖)。气门导管压入气缸体(或气缸盖)时，应有一定的过盈量及压入深度，以保证良好的传热。
Valve guide: Its function is to guide the valve to move in the correct axial direction, while also indirectly transferring the heat from the valve stem to the water jacket. For the convenience of repair and replacement, the valve guide is made separately and then pressed into the cylinder block (or cylinder head). When the valve guide is pressed into the cylinder block (or cylinder head), there should be a certain amount of interference and pressing depth to ensure good heat transfer.
气门弹簧：其作用是用来保证气门和气门座的密合，并用以减缓和克服气门及其他传动件所产生的惯性力，以防破坏配气机构的正常工作。
Valve spring: Its function is to ensure the tightness of the valve and valve seat, and to slow down and overcome the inertia force generated by the valve and other transmission components, in order to prevent damage to the normal operation of the valve mechanism.
气门挺杆：它将凸轮的推举运动传给气门(侧置式)或推杆(顶置式)，以控制气门的开闭。
Valve tappet: It transmits the lifting motion of the cam to the valve (side mounted) or push rod (top mounted) to control the opening and closing of the valve.
气门推杆：在顶置气门式配气机构中，将挺杆的运动传给摇臂。推杆是用空心钢管制成的直杆，两端焊有不同形状的端头，上端头是凹球形，摇臂上调整螺钉的球头坐落在其中；下端头是圆球头，以便插入挺杆的凹球支座。
Valve push rod: In the overhead valve type valve distribution mechanism, the movement of the push rod is transmitted to the rocker arm. The push rod is a straight rod made of hollow steel pipes, with different shaped ends welded at both ends. The upper end is a concave spherical shape, and the ball head of the adjustment screw on the rocker arm is located within it; The lower end is a round ball head for inserting into the concave ball support of the tappet.
气门摇臂：其作用是将挺杆的运动改变方向传给气门。它是一个中间具有圆孔的不等长双臂杠杆。长臂的端部具有圆弧形的工作面与气门尾部接触；短臂的端部则有螺孔，用来安装调整螺钉及锁紧螺母，以调整气门间隙。中部为摇臂轴承，内装有青铜衬套。
Valve rocker arm: Its function is to change the direction of the movement of the tappet and transmit it to the valve. It is an unequal length double arm lever with a circular hole in the middle. The end of the long arm has a curved working surface in contact with the tail of the valve; The end of the short arm has a screw hole for installing adjustment screws and locking nuts to adjust the valve clearance. The middle part is a rocker arm bearing with a bronze bushing inside.
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