电动叉车铅酸蓄电池使用寿命有哪些？
来源：https://www.jnhgjx.net/ 日期：2023-11-20 发布人：
蓄电池是电动叉车必不可少的动力源。目前，电动叉车上绝大多数装的是铅酸蓄电池，因蓄电池技术状况不好而影响车辆使用的情况屡见不鲜，因此，正确使用铅酸蓄电池以延长其使用寿命具有非常重大的意义。接下来就带大家一起来了解下。
Battery is an essential power source for electric forklifts. At present, the vast majority of electric forklifts are equipped with lead-acid batteries. It is not uncommon for the technical condition of batteries to affect the use of vehicles. Therefore, the correct use of lead-acid batteries to extend their service life is of great significance. Next, let's take everyone to understand.
不要随便更换充电器
Do not replace the charger casually
各个制造商的充电器一般都有个性化需求和去掉控制器的限速，在没有把握的时候不要随意更换充电器，请咨询杭州叉车工程师。去掉控制器的限速，虽然可以提高一些叉车的运行速度，但除了会降低车的性以外，也会降低电池的使用寿命。
Chargers from various manufacturers generally have personalized requirements and speed limits for removing controllers. When unsure, do not replace chargers at will. Please consult with a forklift engineer in Hangzhou. Removing the speed limit of the controller can increase the operating speed of some forklifts, but it will not only reduce the safety of the vehicle, but also reduce the battery life.
保护好充电器
Protect the charger properly
一般的使用说明书上面都有关于保护充电器的说明。很多用户没有看说明书的习惯，往往出了问题以后才找说明书看，经常为时已晚。另外需要注意的就是充电时要保持充电器的通风，否则不但影响充电器的寿命，还可能发生热漂移而影响充电状态。这样都会对电池形成损伤。所以，保护好充电器也是非常重要的。
The general user manual contains instructions on protecting the charger. Many users do not have the habit of reading manuals, and often only look for them after problems arise, often too late. Another thing to note is to maintain ventilation of the charger during charging, otherwise it not only affects the lifespan of the charger, but also may cause thermal drift and affect the charging state. This will cause damage to the battery. So, protecting the charger is also very important.
蓄电池要合理进行初充电
Reasonable initial charging of batteries
蓄电池的充电称为初充电，初充电对蓄电池的使用寿命和电荷容量有很大的影响，若充电不足，则蓄电池电荷容量不高，使用寿命也短；若充电过量，则蓄电池电气性能虽然好，但也会缩短它的使用寿命，所以蓄电池要小心谨慎地进行初充电。
The charging of a battery is called initial charging, which has a significant impact on the battery's service life and charge capacity. If the charging is insufficient, the battery's charge capacity is not high and its service life is also short; If the battery is overcharged, although its electrical performance is good, it will also shorten its service life. Therefore, the battery should be carefully charged initially.
及时充电
Timely charging
电池放电以后就开始了硫化过程，从12小时后开始，就会出现明显的硫化。硫化是指板上生成一层白色粗晶粒的硫酸铅，这会严重阻塞板孔隙，使电解液渗入困难，导致容量降低。它的导电性差，使蓄电池内阻显著增大，减少输出功率。及时充电，可以清楚不严重的硫化，如果不及时充电，这些硫化结晶降继续聚积而逐步形成粗大的结晶，一般的充电器对这些粗大的结晶是无能为力的，会逐步形成电池容量想下降，缩短了电池的使用寿命。所以除了每天充电以外，还要注意，使用完了以后要尽早的充电，铅酸蓄电池的记忆没有那么强烈，尽可能使电池容量处于饱满状态，经常放完电再充电可以有效延长电池的寿命影响。
After the battery is discharged, the vulcanization process begins, and after 12 hours, there will be obvious vulcanization. Sulfurization refers to the formation of a layer of white coarse grain lead sulfate on the board, which seriously blocks the pores of the board, making it difficult for the electrolyte to penetrate, leading to a decrease in capacity. Its poor conductivity significantly increases the internal resistance of the battery and reduces its output power. Timely charging can clearly identify minor sulfidation. If not charged in a timely manner, these sulfidation crystals will continue to accumulate and gradually form coarse crystals. General chargers are powerless to handle these coarse crystals, which will gradually lead to a decrease in battery capacity and shorten the battery's service life. So in addition to charging every day, it is also important to pay attention to charging as soon as possible after use. Lead-acid batteries have less strong memory and should be kept in a full state as much as possible. Frequent discharge and recharging can effectively extend the battery's lifespan.
避免过充电
Avoid overcharging
当充电器显示充满就停止充电，不能一充电就一夜甚几天。过充电会促使板活性物质硬化脱落，并产生失水和蓄电池变形，缩短蓄电池的使用寿命。
Stop charging when the charger shows full, and cannot charge overnight or even for a few days. Overcharging can cause the active substances in the board to harden and detach, resulting in water loss and battery deformation, shortening the service life of the battery.
防止过度放电
Prevent excessive discharge
电动叉车的控制器上一般都设有欠压保护功能，当电量表显示只有一格电时，应该关闭电源，尽可能快地对蓄电池进行充电，以免其过度放电。蓄电池放电到终止电压时内阻较大，电解液浓度非常稀薄，特别是板孔内及表面几乎处于中性，过放电时内阻有发热倾向，体积膨胀，放电电流较大时，明显发热甚出现发热变形，这时硫酸铅浓度特别大，此时硫酸铅会结晶成较大颗粒，即形成不可逆的硫酸盐化，将进一步增大内阻，充电恢复能力将变差，甚无法修复。
The controller of electric forklifts generally has an undervoltage protection function. When the electricity meter shows only one grid of electricity, the power should be turned off and the battery should be charged as quickly as possible to avoid excessive discharge. When the battery is discharged to the termination voltage, the internal resistance is relatively high, and the electrolyte concentration is very thin, especially when the plate hole and surface are almost neutral. During over discharge, the internal resistance tends to generate heat, expand in volume, and when the discharge current is high, there is obvious heating or even deformation. At this time, the concentration of lead sulfate is particularly high, and the lead sulfate will crystallize into larger particles, forming irreversible sulfation, which will further increase the internal resistance, The charging recovery ability will deteriorate, and even cannot be repaired.
定期完全放电
Regular complete discharge
蓄电池定期进行一次完全放电也有利于“活化”电池，可以略微提升电池的容量。一般的方法是，定期对电池进行一次完全放电。完全放电的方法是，在平坦路面正常负荷的条件下，使叉车达到次欠压保护。在完成完全放电以后，对电池进行完全充电，会感觉电池容量有所提升。
Regular complete discharge of the battery is also beneficial for "activating" the battery, which can slightly increase its capacity. The general method is to perform a complete discharge of the battery on a regular basis. The method of complete discharge is to achieve secondary undervoltage protection for the forklift under normal load conditions on a flat road surface. After completing complete discharge, fully charging the battery will feel that the battery capacity has increased.
注意充电的环境和使用环境
Pay attention to the charging environment and usage environment
充电的环境温度是25℃，现在多数充电器设有适应环境温度的自动控制系统，所以多数充电器都是按照环境温度25℃设计的。夏天应尽量降低蓄电池温度，保证良好的散热，防止在烈日暴晒后即充电，并应远离热源。另外要充分了解蓄电池在高温季节的运行状况，以及整个使用寿命期间的变化情况。使用时不要将蓄电池置于过热环境中，特别是充电时应远离热源。蓄电池受热后要采取降温措施，待蓄电池温度恢复正常时方可进行充电。蓄电池放电深度较浅时或环境温度偏高时应缩短充电时间。
The ambient temperature for charging is 25 ℃, and now most chargers have automatic control systems that adapt to the ambient temperature, so most chargers are designed according to the ambient temperature of 25 ℃. In summer, the temperature of the battery should be lowered as much as possible to ensure good heat dissipation, prevent charging after exposure to scorching sun, and keep it away from heat sources. In addition, it is necessary to fully understand the operating conditions of the battery during the high-temperature season and the changes throughout its service life. Do not place the battery in an overheated environment during use, especially when charging, keep it away from heat sources. After the battery is heated, cooling measures should be taken, and charging can only be carried out when the battery temperature returns to normal. When the discharge depth of the battery is shallow or the ambient temperature is high, the charging time should be shortened.
及时给电解液补水
Timely replenish the electrolyte with water
电动叉车的蓄电池在充放电过程中，电解液中的水会因为电解和蒸发而逐渐减少，导致电解液面下降。如果不及时补充的话，将加快电池板的硫化速度而缩短蓄电池的使用寿命，所以要定期检查并及时补充蒸馏水(医院或化工商店均可买到蒸馏水)。切忌用饮用纯净水代替，因为纯净水中含多种微量元素及离子，会加剧蓄电池的内部自放电，严重的自放电会缩短蓄电池寿命。
During the charging and discharging process of electric forklift batteries, the water in the electrolyte will gradually decrease due to electrolysis and evaporation, resulting in a decrease in the electrolyte level. If not replenished in a timely manner, it will accelerate the vulcanization rate of the battery panel and shorten the service life of the battery. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check and promptly replenish distilled water (distilled water can be purchased in hospitals or chemical stores). Do not use purified drinking water as it contains multiple trace elements and ions, which can exacerbate the internal self discharge of the battery. Severe self discharge can shorten the battery life.
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