低成本、率、以工作质量保证产品质量

　　The selection of vehicle type and configuration should generally proceed from the following aspects: the basic operation functions of forklift truck are divided into horizontal handling, stacking/picking, loading/unloading and picking. According to the operation function that the enterprise wants to achieve, it can be preliminarily determined from the models described above. In addition, special operation functions will affect the specific configuration of forklift trucks, such as paper rolls, hot metal and so on. Forklift trucks need to install fittings to complete special functions. Operational requirements of forklift trucks include general requirements such as pallet or cargo specifications, lifting height, width of working passage, gradient, etc. At the same time, operational efficiency (different types of vehicles have different efficiency) and operational habits (such as habitual driving or standing driving) need to be considered.

　　作业环境如果企业需要搬运的货物或仓库环境对噪音或尾气排放等方面有要求，在选择车型和配置时应有所考虑。如果是在冷库中或是在有防爆要求的环境中，叉车的配置也应该是冷库型或防爆型的。仔细考察叉车作业时需要经过的地点，设想可能的问题，例如，出入库时门高对叉车是否有影响；进出电梯时，电梯高度和承载对叉车的影响；在楼上作业时，楼面承载是否达到相应要求，等等。

　　Operating environment If the enterprise needs to carry goods or warehouse environment has environmental requirements such as noise or exhaust emissions, it should be considered when choosing the vehicle type and configuration. If it is in the cold storage or in the explosion-proof environment, forklift truck configuration should also be cold storage or explosion-proof. Carefully inspect the places that forklift trucks need to go through during operation, and imagine possible problems, such as whether the door height has an impact on forklift trucks when entering and leaving the warehouse, the influence of elevator height and load on forklift trucks when entering and leaving the elevator, whether the load on the floor meets the corresponding requirements when working upstairs, and so on.

　　在选型和确定配置时，要向叉车供应商详细描述工况，并实地勘察，以确保选购的叉车完全符合企业的需要。即使完成以上步骤的分析，仍然可能有几种车型同时都能满足上述要求。此时需要注意以下几个方面：① 不同的车型，工作效率不同，那么需要的叉车数量、司机数量也不同，会导致一系列成本发生变化，详见本文中性能评判部分关于成本的论述。② 如果叉车在仓库内作业，不同车型所需的通道宽度不同，提升能力也有差异，由此会带来仓库布局的变化，如货物存储量的变化。③ 车型及其数量的变化，会对车队管理等诸多方面产生影响。④ 不同车型的市场保有量不同，其售后保障能力也不同，例如：低位驾驶三向堆垛叉车和高位驾驶三向堆垛叉车同属窄通道叉车系列，都可以在很窄的通道内 （1.5～2.0米）完成堆垛、取货。但是前者驾驶室不能提升，因而操作视野较差，工作效率较低。

　　When selecting and configuring forklift trucks, it is necessary to describe the working conditions in detail to the forklift truck suppliers and conduct field investigations to ensure that the selected forklift trucks fully meet the needs of enterprises. Even after completing the analysis of the above steps, there may still be several models that can meet the above requirements at the same time. At this time, we need to pay attention to the following aspects: 1. Different types of vehicles, different working efficiency, the number of forklifts required, the number of drivers are also different, which will lead to a series of cost changes. See the discussion on cost in the performance evaluation section of this paper. If the forklift truck works in the warehouse, the channel width required by different models is different, and the lifting capacity is also different, which will bring about changes in the layout of the warehouse, such as changes in cargo storage. (3) The change of vehicle type and its quantity will have an impact on many aspects such as fleet management. (4) Different types of vehicles have different market holdings and their after-sales support capabilities. For example, low-driving three-way stacking forklift truck and high-driving three-way stacking forklift truck belong to narrow-channel forklift series and can complete stacking and picking up goods in very narrow channels (1.5-2.0 meters). However, the former cab can not be upgraded, so the operating field is poor and the work efficiency is low.

　　由于后者能完全覆盖前者的功能，而且性能更出众，因此在欧洲后者的市场销量比前者超出4～5倍，在则达到6倍以上。因此大部分供应商都侧重发展高位驾驶三向堆垛叉车，而低位驾驶三向堆垛叉车只是用在小吨位、提升高度低（一般在6米以内）的工况下。在市场销量很少时，其售后服务的工程师数量、工程师经验、配件库存水平等服务能力就会相对较弱。要对以上几个方面的影响综合评估后，选择合理的方案。

　　Because the latter can fully cover the functions of the former, and its performance is better, the market sales of the latter in Europe are 4-5 times higher than that of the former, while in China they are more than 6 times higher. Therefore, most suppliers focus on the development of high-driving three-way stacking forklift, while low-driving three-way stacking forklift is only used in small tonnage, low lifting height (generally within 6 meters). When the market sales are small, the number of engineers, Engineer experience, spare parts inventory level and other service capabilities will be relatively weak. After comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the above aspects, we should choose the most reasonable scheme.